Dr Tang studied light emission processes in electrically-driven organic materials and invented a new device structure in which two carefully-selected materials were stacked, allowing for high-efficiency light emission at low drive voltages. This pioneering work has led to the practical use of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and their widespread application in displays and lighting.

Kyoto Prize award category: Advanced Technology — Material Science and Engineering

Dr Gunn led the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which produced a three-dimensional digital cosmic map encompassing a broad region. He played a leading role in the project, including planning, instrument development, and data analysis, and contributed to the elucidation of the evolutionary history of the universe. He also published many pioneering astrophysical theories. Through these achievements, he has contributed significantly to the understanding of the universe.

Kyoto Prize award category: Basic Sciences — Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

Mrs Mnouchkine, the founder and director of the Théâtre du Soleil, has been continuously producing masterpieces with historical and political themes. Referring to traditional performances of both the East and the West, she has been innovating theatrical expressions.  Her collaborative creations are based on the methodology of her unique theatrical organisation, which eschews hierarchical order.

Kyoto Prize award category: Arts and Philosophy — Theatre, Cinema