Dr Deisseroth focused on microbial light-activated proteins such as channelrhodoposin of green algae and was a pioneer in ‘optogenetics’ — a new methodological discipline in which neurons can be activated or inhibited on the millisecond scale using light. This achievement has revolutionised the field of systems neuroscience, enabling causal study of neuronal assembly activity and resulting function. He is the youngest laureate ever in the history of the Kyoto Prize.

Kyoto Prize award category: Advanced Technology — Biotechnology and Medical Technology

Dr Kashiwara established the theory of D-modules, thereby playing a decisive role in the creation and development of algebraic analysis. His numerous achievements — including the establishment of the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence, its application to representation theory, and construction of crystal basis theory — have exerted great influence on various fields of mathematics and contributed strongly to their development.

Kyoto Prize award category: Basic Sciences — Mathematical Sciences

Ms Jonas created a new artistic form by integrating performance art and video art, and has continuously evolved her original medium remaining at the forefront of contemporary art. Creating labyrinth-like works that lead audiences to diverse interpretations, she hands down the legacy of 1960s avant-garde art by developing it into a postmodern framework, and profoundly affecting artists of later generations.

Kyoto Prize award category: Arts and Philosophy — Arts (Painting, Sculpture, Craft, Architecture, Photography, Design, etc.)